a) Here are some common ecological problems and their reasons:

Problems:

• Climate change and global warming
• Deforestation and habitat loss
• Air pollution and smog
• Water pollution and marine debris
• Soil degradation and erosion
• Loss of biodiversity and extinction of species
• Overfishing and unsustainable fishing practices
• Plastic waste and microplastic pollution
• Industrial agriculture and use of pesticides

Reasons:

• Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities
• Clearing land for agriculture, logging, and development
• Emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, and burning of fossil fuels
• Industrial and agricultural waste, sewage, and oil spills
• Poor land management practices, overgrazing, and deforestation
• Habitat loss, climate change, and poaching
• Overfishing, bycatch, and destructive fishing practices
• Overuse of single-use plastics and poor waste management
• Use of chemicals, monoculture farming, and deforestation for agriculture

b)

1. We should plant more trees to help reduce air pollution and provide habitats for animals and birds.
2. We should avoid using plastic bottles and instead use reusable water bottles to reduce plastic waste.
3. We should recycle paper to save trees and reduce landfill waste.
4. We should conserve water by taking shorter showers and fixing any leaks in our homes.
5. We should use public transportation, walk, or bike instead of driving alone in our cars to reduce air pollution.
6. We should reduce our meat consumption to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry.
7. We should properly dispose of tins and other metal objects to reduce landfill waste.
8. We should avoid littering and properly dispose of our waste to keep our rivers and oceans clean.
9. We should create and maintain gardens to provide habitats for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
10. We should reduce our energy consumption by turning off lights and electronics when not in use to save electricity.