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Business organizations
Business organizations belong to either the private or the public sector. The private sector consists of companies belonging to private individuals, and the public sector of companies owned by the government of the country.
There are various types of business organization which operate in the private sector:
A business run by a sole trader has just one owner, who is entirely responsible for all the company's business affairs. This type of organization has certain advantages and disadvantages.
A business run by a partnership has two or more owners. When entering into a partnership, an agreement is drawn up defining the rights, responsibilities and liabilities of each partner, such as how the profits are to be distributed and what part each partner is to play in managing the company. The partners may be active, meaning that they are actively involved in the company's business; or sleeping, which means they invest money in the company and receive a share of the profits, but do not concern themselves with the company's business affairs.
There are two types of partnership:
• General or ordinary partnership, where all partners have unlimited liability.
• Limited or special partnership, consisting of at least one general partner with unlimited liability and at least one limited partner whose liability is limited to the capital he has invested. The limited partners do not run the risk of losing their personal property if the company goes bankrupt, but neither do they have any say in how the business is run.
From a legal point of view, a joint-stock company counts as a separate person, which means that its shareholder (owners) and directors (the people chosen by the shareholders to run the company) only have limited liability. The shareholders each receive one dividend (part of the profit) per share. There are two types of jointstock company:
(a) Public limited company (plc)
The capital for this type of company is raised from members of the public. For this reason, a plc can be listed on the stock exchange, although it doesn't have to be. Before it can start doing business, a plc needs to have a minimum amount of share capital (in England for example, it needs to issue at least £50,000 worth of shares).
(b) Private limited company (Ltd.)
There are many more private limited companies than public limited companies. The shares of a private limited company are held by specially chosen persons or companies, which mean it can't be listed on the stock exchange. However unlike public limited companies, private limited companies don't need a minimum amount of share capital - it's theoretically possible for a private limited company to have just one share held by one person.
Business organizations
Business organizations belong to either the private or the public sector. The private sector consists of companies belonging to private individuals, and the public sector of companies owned by the government of the country.
There are various types of business organization which operate in the private sector:
A business run by a sole trader has just one owner, who is entirely responsible for all the company's business affairs. This type of organization has certain advantages and disadvantages.
A business run by a partnership has two or more owners. When entering into a partnership, an agreement is drawn up defining the rights, responsibilities and liabilities of each partner, such as how the profits are to be distributed and what part each partner is to play in managing the company. The partners may be active, meaning that they are actively involved in the company's business; or sleeping, which means they invest money in the company and receive a share of the profits, but do not concern themselves with the company's business affairs.
There are two types of partnership:
• General or ordinary partnership, where all partners have unlimited liability.
• Limited or special partnership, consisting of at least one general partner with unlimited liability and at least one limited partner whose liability is limited to the capital he has invested. The limited partners do not run the risk of losing their personal property if the company goes bankrupt, but neither do they have any say in how the business is run.
From a legal point of view, a joint-stock company counts as a separate person, which means that its shareholder (owners) and directors (the people chosen by the shareholders to run the company) only have limited liability. The shareholders each receive one dividend (part of the profit) per share. There are two types of jointstock company:
(a) Public limited company (plc)
The capital for this type of company is raised from members of the public. For this reason, a plc can be listed on the stock exchange, although it doesn't have to be. Before it can start doing business, a plc needs to have a minimum amount of share capital (in England for example, it needs to issue at least £50,000 worth of shares).
(b) Private limited company (Ltd.)
There are many more private limited companies than public limited companies. The shares of a private limited company are held by specially chosen persons or companies, which mean it can't be listed on the stock exchange. However unlike public limited companies, private limited companies don't need a minimum amount of share capital - it's theoretically possible for a private limited company to have just one share held by one person.
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Answers & Comments
Есть различные виды организации бизнеса, которые работают в частном секторе:
Бизнес в ведении индивидуального предпринимателя есть только один собственник, который несет полную ответственность за все бизнес-деятельности компании. Этот тип организации имеет определенные преимущества и недостатки.
Бизнес работать в рамках партнерства имеет два или более владельцев. При вводе в партнерстве, соглашение составлено определение прав, обязанностей и обязательств каждого партнера, например, как прибыль должны быть распределены и что часть каждый партнер будет играть в управлении компанией. Партнеры могут быть активными, это означает, что они активно участвуют в деятельности компании; или спать, который означает, что они вкладывают деньги в компании и получить долю прибыли, но не касаются себя с делами компании.
Есть два типа партнерства:
• Общие или обычный партнерство, где все партнеры несут неограниченную ответственность.
• Ограниченное или коммандитное товарищество, состоящее из по меньшей мере одного генерального партнера с неограниченной ответственностью и по меньшей мере одного партнера с ограниченной ответственностью, чья ответственность ограничена в столицу он вложил. Партнеры с ограниченной ответственностью не рискуете потерять их личного имущества, если компания обанкротится, но ни у них есть право голоса в том, как бизнес бежать.
С юридической точки зрения, акционерное общество считается как отдельного человека, что означает, что его акционером (владельцы) и директора (народ, избранный акционерами, чтобы запустить компанию) только несут ограниченную ответственность. Акционеры получают по одной дивиденды (часть прибыли) за акцию. Существуют два типа акционерное об- щество:
() Открытое акционерное общество (ОАО)
Капитал для этого типа компании повышен с представителями общественности. По этой причине, PLC могут быть перечислены на фондовой бирже, хотя и не должны быть. Прежде, чем это может начать делать бизнес, PLC должен иметь минимальный размер уставного капитала (в Англии, например, его нужно выпустить, по крайней мере 50000 фунтов на сумму акций).
(Б) Закрытое акционерное общество (ООО)
Есть еще много частных компаний с ограниченной ответственностью, чем акционерных обществ. Акции общества с ограниченной ответственностью проводится специально выбранных лиц или компаний, которые означают, что не могут быть перечислены на фондовой бирже. Однако в отличие от акционерных обществ, частных компаний с ограниченной ответственностью не нужен минимальный размер уставного капитала - это теоретически возможно, частная компания с ограниченной иметь только одну акцию провели один человек.