Решить уравнения: 1) 1/√3*sin x = 1/2; 2) 4sin x*cos x + 3cos x = 0; 3) 2cos^2 x = 1 + sin x.
Решения уравнений:
1) x₁=π/3+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₂=2π/3+2πn, n ∈ Z.
2) x₁=π/2+πn, n ∈ Z; x₂=(-arcsin 3/4)+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₃=π+arcsin 3/4+2πn, n ∈ Z.
3) х₁=3π/2+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₂=π/6+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₃=5π/6+2πn, n ∈ Z.
Для начала вспомним формулы для решения уравнений вида sin x = b и cos x = b:
[tex]\displaystyle \text{If}\ \sin x=b,\ |b|\leq 1,\ \text{then:}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Big| \ \ \ \ \text{If}\ \cos x=b,\ |b|\leq 1,\ \text{then:}\\\\ \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x=\arcsin b+2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi-\arcsin b+2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \ \ \ \ \ \Big| \ \ \ \ x=\pm\arccos\ b+2\pi n,\ n\in \mathbb Z[/tex]
1) 1/√3*sin x = 1/2
sin x = 1/2 : 1/√3
sin x = (1*√3)/(2*1)
sin x = √3/2
[tex]\displaystye\left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x=\arcsin \frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi-\arcsin \frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi- \frac{\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\frac{2\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right[/tex]
2) 4sin x*cos x + 3cos x = 0
cos x(4sin x + 3)=0
cos x = 0 4sin x + 3 = 0
4sin x = -3
sin x = -3/4
[tex]\displaystyle \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \arcsin\left(-\frac{3 }{4}\right) +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \ \ \ \ \\\\ x=\pi -\arcsin\left(-\frac{3 }{4}\right) +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= -\arcsin\frac{3 }{4} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \ \ \ \ \\\\ x=\pi +\arcsin\frac{3 }{4} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right[/tex]
3) 2cos^2 x = 1 + sin x
2*(1+cos 2x)/2 = 1 + sin x
1 + cos 2x = 1 + sin x
cos 2x = sin x
1 - 2sin²x - sin x = 0 | *(-1)
2sin²x + sin x - 1 = 0
sin x = v, v ∈ [-1;1].
2v²+v-1=0
D=b²-4ac=1²-4*(-1)*2=1+8=9
[tex]\displaystyle \\\\v_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{D} }{2a} =\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{9} }{2\cdot2} \\\\v_1=\frac{-1+3}{4}=\frac{1}{2} \in [-1;1]\\\\ v_2=\frac{-1-3}{4}=(-1) \in [-1;1][/tex]
sin x = (-1) sin x = 1/2
[tex]\displaystye\left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x=\arcsin \frac{1 }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi-\arcsin \frac{1 }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi- \frac{\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\frac{5\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right[/tex]
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Answers & Comments
Решить уравнения: 1) 1/√3*sin x = 1/2; 2) 4sin x*cos x + 3cos x = 0; 3) 2cos^2 x = 1 + sin x.
Ответ:
Решения уравнений:
1) x₁=π/3+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₂=2π/3+2πn, n ∈ Z.
2) x₁=π/2+πn, n ∈ Z; x₂=(-arcsin 3/4)+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₃=π+arcsin 3/4+2πn, n ∈ Z.
3) х₁=3π/2+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₂=π/6+2πn, n ∈ Z; x₃=5π/6+2πn, n ∈ Z.
Объяснение:
Для начала вспомним формулы для решения уравнений вида sin x = b и cos x = b:
[tex]\displaystyle \text{If}\ \sin x=b,\ |b|\leq 1,\ \text{then:}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Big| \ \ \ \ \text{If}\ \cos x=b,\ |b|\leq 1,\ \text{then:}\\\\ \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x=\arcsin b+2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi-\arcsin b+2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \ \ \ \ \ \Big| \ \ \ \ x=\pm\arccos\ b+2\pi n,\ n\in \mathbb Z[/tex]
1) 1/√3*sin x = 1/2
sin x = 1/2 : 1/√3
sin x = (1*√3)/(2*1)
sin x = √3/2
[tex]\displaystye\left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x=\arcsin \frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi-\arcsin \frac{\sqrt{3} }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi- \frac{\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\frac{2\pi }{3} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right[/tex]
2) 4sin x*cos x + 3cos x = 0
cos x(4sin x + 3)=0
cos x = 0 4sin x + 3 = 0
4sin x = -3
sin x = -3/4
[tex]\displaystyle \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \arcsin\left(-\frac{3 }{4}\right) +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \ \ \ \ \\\\ x=\pi -\arcsin\left(-\frac{3 }{4}\right) +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= -\arcsin\frac{3 }{4} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \ \ \ \ \\\\ x=\pi +\arcsin\frac{3 }{4} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right[/tex]
3) 2cos^2 x = 1 + sin x
2*(1+cos 2x)/2 = 1 + sin x
1 + cos 2x = 1 + sin x
cos 2x = sin x
1 - 2sin²x - sin x = 0 | *(-1)
2sin²x + sin x - 1 = 0
sin x = v, v ∈ [-1;1].
2v²+v-1=0
D=b²-4ac=1²-4*(-1)*2=1+8=9
[tex]\displaystyle \\\\v_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{D} }{2a} =\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{9} }{2\cdot2} \\\\v_1=\frac{-1+3}{4}=\frac{1}{2} \in [-1;1]\\\\ v_2=\frac{-1-3}{4}=(-1) \in [-1;1][/tex]
sin x = (-1) sin x = 1/2
[tex]\displaystye\left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x=\arcsin \frac{1 }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi-\arcsin \frac{1 }{2} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\pi- \frac{\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z \end{array}\right \Longrightarrow[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle \Longrightarrow \left [ \begin{array}{ccc} x= \frac{\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: \\\\ x=\frac{5\pi }{6} +2\pi n, n\in \mathbb Z\ \ \ \ \end{array}\right[/tex]