Ответ:

1. The functions of urinary system are →

• to remove waste products from the blood and eliminate them from the body.
• to regulate the volume of the body fluids
• to balance the pH
• to balance the electrolyte compositions of the body fluids.

2. The urinary system includes the kidneys, right and left; two ureters-long tubes, which lead to the lower part of the urinary bladder; the urinary bladder, which is a hollow sac for temporary collection of the urine; and the urethra - the tube, through which the urine is discharged from the bladder and passes out of the body.

3. Kidney consists of 3 parts which are

Outer cortex part , inner medullar part and pelvis.

4. The difference between the afferent artetiole and the efferent arteriole is that

The afferent artetiole supplies the glomerulus with blood

whereas, the efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus.

5. The renal medulla contains the tubules that collect urine. These tubules form pyramids with the tips toward the renal pelvis.

Calyce is a cuplike extension which surrounds the tip of pyramids and collect urine, which then passes down the ureter and bladder

6. Nephron is the smallest unit of kidney

7. The process of filtration and formation of the urine takes place within the tiny tubules of the kidneys.

8. Characteristics of urine are :-

• The urine is a yellowish liquid
• It is about 95 per cent water and 5 per cent dissolved solids and gases. The amount of these dissolved elements is indicated by specific gravity.
• The urine has a specific gravity that normally varies from 1002 (very dilute urine) to 1040 (very concentrated urine).

9. Under the normal urine the urine has nitrogenous waste products, electrolytes, and yellow pigment.

Whereas in abnormal Urine, the urine has substances like Glucose , Albumin ,Blood , Ketones , Pus and Casts are present.

10. Disorder of the urinary system are

• Albumin (indicates a kidney disorder).
• Blood (indicates nephritis or other urinary disorder).