N. Переведите текст о законах Древней Греции в письменной форме.
THE FIRST LAWS: ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
The Ancient Greeks were among the first to develop a concept of law that separated everyday law from religious beliefs. Before the Greeks most civilizations attributed their laws to their gods or goddesses. Instead, the Greeks believed that laws were made by the people and for the people.
In the 7th century B.C., Draco* drew up Greece’s first written code of laws. Under Draco’s code death was the punishment for most offenses. Thus, the term draconian usually applies to extremely harsh measures.
Several decades passed before Solon – poet, military hero, and ultimately Athens’ lawgiver – devised a new code of laws. Trial by jury, an ancient Greek tradition was retained, but enslaving debtors was prohibited as were most of the harsh punishments of Draco’s code.
Under Solon’s law citizens of Athens were eligible to serve in the assembly and courts were established in which they could appeal government decisions.
What the Greeks may have contributed to the Romans was the concept of “natural law”. It was based on the belief that certain basic principles are above the laws of a nation. These principles arise from the nature of people. The concept of natural law and the development of the first true legal system had a profound effect on the modern world.
*Draco – [ ‘dreikou ] – Драконт, афинский законодатель
THE FIRST LAWS: ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME
The Ancient Greeks were among the first to develop a concept of law that separated everyday law from religious beliefs. Before the Greeks most civilizations attributed their laws to their gods or goddesses. Instead, the Greeks believed that laws were made by the people and for the people.
In the 7th century B.C., Draco* drew up Greece’s first written code of laws. Under Draco’s code death was the punishment for most offenses. Thus, the term draconian usually applies to extremely harsh measures.
Several decades passed before Solon – poet, military hero, and ultimately Athens’ lawgiver – devised a new code of laws. Trial by jury, an ancient Greek tradition was retained, but enslaving debtors was prohibited as were most of the harsh punishments of Draco’s code.
Under Solon’s law citizens of Athens were eligible to serve in the assembly and courts were established in which they could appeal government decisions.
What the Greeks may have contributed to the Romans was the concept of “natural law”. It was based on the belief that certain basic principles are above the laws of a nation. These principles arise from the nature of people. The concept of natural law and the development of the first true legal system had a profound effect on the modern world.
*Draco – [ ‘dreikou ] – Драконт, афинский законодатель
More Questions From This User See All
Answers & Comments
Verified answer
Первые законы: Древняя Греция и РимДревние греки были в числе первых, кто разработал концепцию закона, которая отделяла повседневной закон от религиозных убеждений. Перед греками большинство цивилизаций присваивали свои законы своим богам или богиням. Вместо этого, греки считали, что законы были сделаны людьми и для людей.
В 7-ом веке до нашей эры, Драконат составил первый греческий письменный свод законов. В Кодексе смерти Драконата были наказания для большинства преступлений. Таким образом, термин "Драконовские", как правило, относится к чрезвычайно жестким мерам.
Прошло несколько десятилетий, прежде чем Солона - поэт, военный герой, и в конечном итоге законодатель Афин - разработал новый свод законов. Древнегреческая традиция была сохранена: был суд присяжных, но порабощать должников было запрещено, как и большинство из суровых наказаний кодекса Драконата.
В соответствии с Законом Солона граждане Афин имели право служить в собраниях и судах, которые были созданы и в которых они могли бы обжаловать правительственные решения.
То, что греки могли поспособствовать римлянам было понятие "естественного права". Она была основана на убеждении о том, что некоторые основные принципы - выше законов нации. Эти принципы вытекают из природы людей. Концепция естественного права и развития стала первой настоящей правовой системы и оказало глубокое влияние на современный мир.