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England under Elizabeth the First
Weary of the barbarities of Mary's reign, the people looked with hope and gladness to the new Sovereign. The nation seemed to wake from a horrible dream. Queen Elizabeth was twenty-five years of age when she rode through the streets of London, from the Tower to Westminster Abbey, to be crowned. Her hair was red, and her' nose something
too long and sharp for a woman's. She was not beautiful, but she was well enough, and looked all the better for coming after the gloomy Mary. She was well educated, clever, but cunning and deceitful, and inherited much of her father's violent temper. She began her reign with the great advantage of having a very wise and careful minister, Sir William Cecil, whom she afterwards made Lord Burleigh.
The coronation was a great success; and, on the next day, one of the courtiers presented a petition to the new Queen, praying that as it was the custom to release some prisoners on such occasions, she would have the goodness to release the four Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, and also the Apostle Saint Paul, who had been for some time shut up in a strange language so that the people could not get at them.
The Queen replied that it would be better first to inquire of themselves whether they desired to be released or not, and a great public discussion — a sort of religious tournament — was appointed to take place between certain champions of the two religions, in Westminster Abbey. It was soon made pretty clear, that for people to benefit by what they repeat or read, it is rather necessary they should understand something about it. Accordingly, a Church Service in plain English was settled, and other laws and regulations were made, completely establishing the great work of the Reformation. The Romish bishops were not harshly dealt with, and the Queen's ministers were both prudent and
merciful.
The one great trouble of this reign was Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. She was the daughter of the Queen Regent of
Scotland, Mary of Guise. She had been married, when a mere child, to the Dauphin, the son and heir of the King of France. The Pope, who pretended that no one could rightfully wear the crown of England without his gracious permission, was strongly opposed to Elizabeth, who had not asked for the said gracious permission. And as Mary Queen of Scots would have inherited the English crown in right of her birth, supposing the English Parliament not to have altered the succession, the Pope and most of his followers maintained that Mary was the rightful Queen of England, and Elizabeth the wrongful Queen.
England under Elizabeth the First
Weary of the barbarities of Mary's reign, the people looked with hope and gladness to the new Sovereign. The nation seemed to wake from a horrible dream. Queen Elizabeth was twenty-five years of age when she rode through the streets of London, from the Tower to Westminster Abbey, to be crowned. Her hair was red, and her' nose something
too long and sharp for a woman's. She was not beautiful, but she was well enough, and looked all the better for coming after the gloomy Mary. She was well educated, clever, but cunning and deceitful, and inherited much of her father's violent temper. She began her reign with the great advantage of having a very wise and careful minister, Sir William Cecil, whom she afterwards made Lord Burleigh.
The coronation was a great success; and, on the next day, one of the courtiers presented a petition to the new Queen, praying that as it was the custom to release some prisoners on such occasions, she would have the goodness to release the four Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, and also the Apostle Saint Paul, who had been for some time shut up in a strange language so that the people could not get at them.
The Queen replied that it would be better first to inquire of themselves whether they desired to be released or not, and a great public discussion — a sort of religious tournament — was appointed to take place between certain champions of the two religions, in Westminster Abbey. It was soon made pretty clear, that for people to benefit by what they repeat or read, it is rather necessary they should understand something about it. Accordingly, a Church Service in plain English was settled, and other laws and regulations were made, completely establishing the great work of the Reformation. The Romish bishops were not harshly dealt with, and the Queen's ministers were both prudent and
merciful.
The one great trouble of this reign was Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. She was the daughter of the Queen Regent of
Scotland, Mary of Guise. She had been married, when a mere child, to the Dauphin, the son and heir of the King of France. The Pope, who pretended that no one could rightfully wear the crown of England without his gracious permission, was strongly opposed to Elizabeth, who had not asked for the said gracious permission. And as Mary Queen of Scots would have inherited the English crown in right of her birth, supposing the English Parliament not to have altered the succession, the Pope and most of his followers maintained that Mary was the rightful Queen of England, and Elizabeth the wrongful Queen.
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Англия при Елизавете первойУстав от варварского правления Марии, люди смотрели с надеждой и радостью на нового правителя.Народ, казалось, проснулся от ужасного сна. Королеве Елизавете было двадцать пять лет, когда она ехала на коронацию по улицам Лондона,от Тауэра до Вестминстерского аббатства. Ее волосы были огненно-рыжимы,а её нос был слишком длинным и острым для женщины. Она не была красавицей, но она была достаточно хороша собой, и выглядела лучше в сравнении с унылой Мэри. Она была хорошо образована, умна, но хитра и лжива,а также унаследовала буйный нрав ее отца. Она начала свое царствование с большим преимуществом,в лице очень мудрого и осторожного министра, сэра Уильяма Сесила, которого впоследствии она сделала Лордом Берли.
Коронация прошла с большим успехом и на следующий день один из придворных представил ей ходатайство, моля о том, чтобы был обычай, освобождать (амнистировать) узников по таким особым случаям.Она дала добро, а также был принят закон об установлении англиканства( чтобы освободить четырех евангелистов, Матфея, Марка, Луку и Иоанна, а также святого апостола Павла)
Королева ответила, что лучше бы сначала спросить узников желают ли они и готовы ли они,чтобы их освободили или нет, и назначила публичное обсуждение — своего рода религиозный турнир — между католиками и протестантами - в Вестминстерском аббатстве. Скоро стало понятно, что для людей будет полезно, чтобы воспользоваться тем, что они повторяют или читают, необходимо это понимать. Соответственно, было решено,что церковная служба будет вестись на простом английском языке, и другие законы и правила были приняты,таким образом полностью устанавливая курс на великую работу Реформации. С римскими епископами жестоко не расправлялись ,а министры королевы были одинаково расчетливы и милосердны.
Самая большая трудность этого царствования заключалась в Марии Стюарт, королеве шотландцев. Она была дочерью королевы-регента
Шотландии, Марии де Гиз. Она была замужем за Дофин, сыном и наследником короля Франции. Папа, который считал, что никто не мог с полным правом носить корону Англии без его милостивого разрешения, был категорически против Элизабет, которая не попросила его милостивого разрешения. И Мария, Королева шотландцев должна была унаследовать английскую корону по праву рождения, полагая, что английский парламент не изменит последовательность, папа и большинство его последователей утверждали, что Мария была законной Королевой Англии,в то время как Елизавета противоправной Королевой.