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Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev is a famous Russian chemist. He is best known
for his development of the periodic table of the properties of the chemical elements.
This table displays that elements’ properties are changed periodically when they are
arranged according to atomic weight.
Mendeleyev was born in 1834 in Tobolsk, Siberia. He studied chemistry at the
University of St. Petersburg, and in 1859 he was sent to study at the University of
Heidelberg. Mendeleyev returned to St. Petersburg and became Professor of
Chemistry at the Technical Institute in 1863. He became Professor of General
Chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg in 1866. Mendeleyev was a well-
known teacher, and, because there was no good textbook in chemistry at that time,
he wrote the two-volume “Principles of Chemistry” which became a classic
textbook in chemistry.
In this book Mendeleyev tried to classify the elements according to their
chemical properties. In 1869 he published his first version of his periodic table of
elements. In 1871 he published an improved version of the periodic table, in which
he left gaps for elements that were not known at that time. His table and theories
were proved later when three predicted elements: gallium, germanium, and
scandium were discovered.
Mendeleyev investigated the chemical theory of solution. He found that the
best proportion of alcohol and water in vodka is 40%. He also investigated the
thermal expansion of liquids and the nature of petroleum.
In 1893 he became director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures in St.
Petersburg and held this position until his death in 1907.
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