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TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION.
 
One  of  the  most  important  kinds of  wired  communication is telephony.  It  is  the  transmission  of speech  over  a  considerable  distance  by  means  of  electric  current. Telephone  set  includes  a  transmitter, and an electric network in addition to receiver. The transmitter or microphone consists of a diaphragm, carbon chamber with carbon granules and insulating spacer and conductor. The electric current passes through the diaphragm and carbon granules. When we speak we produce sound waves which make the diaphragm vibrate. The diaphragm in its turn pushes the carbon granules which makes more or fewer contacts and decreases or increases the resistance.
Thus the waves of electric current vary depending on the sounds we produce and pass along the line and finally reach the receiver. The receiver consists of electromagnet coils, a steel magnet and a diaphragm. A variable current passing  through the magnet's  coil makes the diaphragm vibrate. The frequency of  these oscillations  is the  same  as  that  of  the  transmitter.  Therefore  the  receiver  reproduces  the  same  sounds  as are spoken into the microphone. The  telephone  was  designed  in  1875  by  Alexander  Bell.  Later  on  the  development  of  the telephone changed its construction, it became more complex. Auxiliary elements were used in the circuit
to  provide  better  transmission  of  speech.    Further  on  the  development  improved  the  switching  system. Now  very  complex  telephone  constructions  are  used  and a  new  kind  of  telephone  appeared  -
radiotelephone.

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