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Composite materials (also called composition materials or shortened to composites) are materials made from two or more significantly with constituent materials different physical or chemical properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new material may be preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter or less expensive when compared to traditional materials. Typical engineered composite materials include: 1) Composite building materials such as cements, concrete. 2) inforced plastic such as fiber reinforced polymer. 3) Metal Composites 4) .Ceramic Composites (composite ceramic and metal matrices). Composite materials are generally used for buildings, bridges and structures such as boat hulls race car bodies, panels Swimming pool shower stalls, bathtubs tanks storage imitation granite and cultured marble sinks and counter tops.
The most advanced examples perform routinely on spacecraft in demanding environments. Concrete is the most common artificial composite material of all and typically consists of loose stones (aggregate) held with a matrix of cement. Concrete is a very robust material, much more robust than cement, and will not compress or shatter even under quite a large compressive force. However, concrete cannot survive tensile loading (i.e., if stretched it will quickly break apart).
Therefore to give concrete the ability to resist being stretched, steel bars, which can resist high stretching forces, are often added to concrete to form reinforced concrete. Fiber-reinforced polymers or FRPs include carbon-fiber reinforced polymer or CFRP, and glass-reinforced plastic or GRP If classified by matrix then there are thermoplastic composites, short fiber thermoplastics, long fiber thermoplastics or fiber-reinforced thermoplastics There are long numerous thermoset composites, but advanced systems usually incorporate aramid fiber and carbon f in an epoxy resin matrix.