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In 1944 in the United States, International Business Machines
(IBM) built a machine in cooperation with scientists
working at Harvard University under the direction of Prof. Aiken.
The machine, called Mark I Automatic Sequence-Controlled
Calculator, was built to perform calculations for the
Manhattan Project, which led to the development of atomic
bomb. It was the largest electromechanical calculator ever built.
It used over 3000 electrically actuated switches to control its
operations. Although its operations were not controlled electronically,
Aiken's machine is often classified as a computer
because its instructions, which were entered by means of a
punched paper tape, could be altered. The computer could create
ballistic tables used by naval artillery.
The relay computer had its problems. Since relays are electromechanical
devices, the switching contacts operate by means
of electromagnets and springs. They are slow, very noisy and
consume a lot of power.