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‘TECHNOLOGY


‘Technology means the use of people's inventions and discoveries to

satisfy their needs, Since people have appeared on the earth they have

hhad 10 get food, clothes, and shelter. Through the ages, people have in-

‘ented tools, machines, and materials to make work easier.


‘Nowadays, when people speak of technology, they generally mean

industrial technology. Industrial technology began about 200 years ago

‘with the development of the steam engine, the growth of factories, and

the mass production of goods. It influenced different aspects of peo-

ple's lives. The development of the car influenced where people lived

‘and worked. Radio and television changed thei leisure time. The tele-

‘phone revolutionized communication.


‘Science has contribuled much to modern technology. Science at-

tempts to explain how and why things happen. Technology makes things

happen. But not all technology is based on science. For example, peo-

pe had made different objects from iron for centuries before they learnt

the structure ofthe metal. But some modern technologies, such as nu-

clear power production and space travel, depend heavily on science.


2)

‘SCIENCE


‘The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”, which

‘means “knowledge”. Science covers the broad field of knowledge that

deals with facts and the relationship among these facts.


‘Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some scientists search for

of tiving plants and animals. Other researchers investigate why we act

the way we do, or try to solve complicated mathematical problems.


‘Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and.

collect facts, They develop theories that help them order and unity facts.

‘Scientific theories consist of general principles or laws that attempt to

explain how and why something happens or has happened. A theory is

‘considered to become a pat of scientific knowledge it has been test-

‘ed experimentally and proved tobe true,


Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natu-

ral, social, and technical sciences. As scientific knowledge has grown

and become more complicated, many new fields of science have ap-

peared. At the same time, the boundaries between scientific fields have

‘become less and less cleat. Numerous areas of science overiap each other

and it is often hard to tell where one science ends and another begins.

All sciences are closely interconnected.


‘Science has great influence on our lives, It provides the basis of mod

em technology — the tools and machines that make our life and work

easier. The discoveries and inventions of scientists also help shape our

jew about ourselves and our place in the universe.