Перевод текста.
Metallurgy is one of the oldest of arts but one of the youngest of sciences. Many of our metals were known in ancient times, but it is only within the last century or two that the knowledge of the properties of the metals has made it possible to apply them in any extended way for industrial purposes.
With the development of physics of metals, metallography, theory of heat treatment, and other phases of the science of metals, the field of metallurgy has broadened.
Metallurgy in this broader sense falls into three divisions: chemical or extractive, physical and mechanical. Chemical metallurgy includes the metallurgical processes involving chemical change and the methods of production and refining.
Physical metallurgy deals with the nature, structure, and physical properties of metals and alloys.
Mechanical metallurgy includes the processes of working and shaping metals — processes which do not involve chemical changes.
Metallurgy is one of the oldest of arts but one of the youngest of sciences. Many of our metals were known in ancient times, but it is only within the last century or two that the knowledge of the properties of the metals has made it possible to apply them in any extended way for industrial purposes.
With the development of physics of metals, metallography, theory of heat treatment, and other phases of the science of metals, the field of metallurgy has broadened.
Metallurgy in this broader sense falls into three divisions: chemical or extractive, physical and mechanical. Chemical metallurgy includes the metallurgical processes involving chemical change and the methods of production and refining.
Physical metallurgy deals with the nature, structure, and physical properties of metals and alloys.
Mechanical metallurgy includes the processes of working and shaping metals — processes which do not involve chemical changes.
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С развитием физики металлов, металловедения, теории термической обработки и других фаз в науке о металлах, область металлургии расширилась.
Металлургия в этом широком смысле распадается на три подразделения: химическая или добывающая, физическая и механическая. Химическая промышленность металлургии включает металлургические процессы, связанные с химическими изменениями и методами добычи и переработки.
Металловедение рассматривает сущность, структуру и физические свойства металлов и сплавов.
Механические металлургия включает в себя процессы работы и обработки металлов — процессы, которые не предполагают химических изменений.