Перевод
The early railway builders laid wooden stringers lengthwise, fastening straps of iron on top of the stringers to serve as rails. The practice of laying wooden stringers soon gave way to iron rails which did not prove satisfactory, as they were subject to buckling and warping¹ and wore out rapidly. Steel rails were first rolled in England in 1856. From that date they rapidly became the standard type.
In England and in the USA rails vary in weight from 50 to 152 pounds per running yard,² the average being about 94 pounds per yard. Increasing size of locomotives and trains and greater speed of train movement in both freight and passenger service have made necessary an increasing of rails weights.
The standard length of a single rail in America is 39 feet, 60 foot rail is common in Europe. The use of longer rail is advantageous in maintenance work.
On modern development in the upkeep of the permanent way is the use of welding process. Most railway travellers are fairly familiar with the crossings or forks of the permanent way where one track diverges from another. These rail crossings wear away fairly rapidly. They are costly to make and also to maintain. In order to reduce the expense in maintaining these joints and crossings, welding processes are now being used, so that new metal can be welded on the worn parts of the crossings in such a way as to build up the rails to their original form.
The early railway builders laid wooden stringers lengthwise, fastening straps of iron on top of the stringers to serve as rails. The practice of laying wooden stringers soon gave way to iron rails which did not prove satisfactory, as they were subject to buckling and warping¹ and wore out rapidly. Steel rails were first rolled in England in 1856. From that date they rapidly became the standard type.
In England and in the USA rails vary in weight from 50 to 152 pounds per running yard,² the average being about 94 pounds per yard. Increasing size of locomotives and trains and greater speed of train movement in both freight and passenger service have made necessary an increasing of rails weights.
The standard length of a single rail in America is 39 feet, 60 foot rail is common in Europe. The use of longer rail is advantageous in maintenance work.
On modern development in the upkeep of the permanent way is the use of welding process. Most railway travellers are fairly familiar with the crossings or forks of the permanent way where one track diverges from another. These rail crossings wear away fairly rapidly. They are costly to make and also to maintain. In order to reduce the expense in maintaining these joints and crossings, welding processes are now being used, so that new metal can be welded on the worn parts of the crossings in such a way as to build up the rails to their original form.
Answers & Comments
В Англии и в США рельсы различаются по весу от 50 до 152 фунтов за пробег, а средний составляет около 94 фунтов на двор. Увеличение количества локомотивов и поездов и увеличение скорости движения поездов как в грузовом, так и в пассажирском сообщении сделали необходимым увеличение веса рельсов.
Стандартная длина одного рельса в Америке составляет 39 футов, ширина 60 футов в Европе. Использование более длинных рельсов выгодно при проведении ремонтных работ.
При современном развитии в поддержании постоянного пути используется процесс сварки. Большинство железнодорожников довольно знакомы с перекрестками или вилами постоянного пути, где одна дорожка расходится с другой. Эти железнодорожные переходы изнашиваются довольно быстро. Их дорого стоить, а также поддерживать. Чтобы уменьшить затраты на поддержание этих соединений и переходов, в настоящее время используются сварочные процессы, так что новый металл может быть сварен на изношенных частях перекрестков таким образом, чтобы создать рельсы в их первоначальном виде.