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"We do not know when men began to give names to the places they lived and to the seas ,rivers, lakes and mountains around them.Very often they invented a name that described a place in a certain way, for example ,Bear Mountain, White Lake or Big Canyon.The water in the Dead Sea is so salty that nothing can live in it so the reason for the name is clear.The water in the Black Sea is not black but blue.However, when the ancient Greeks looked to the east,the ofter saw dark storm clouds over the water, and so they named it the Black Sea.
The Pacific Ocean is known for its terrible storms.Yes, on the day when the Spanish explorer ,Balboa ,first saw it ,the ocean was quiet in the bright sunlight ,and so he called it the Pacific which means peaceful."

"From the names of places we are often able to tell who the people in the past were.There are lots of towns and cities whose names end in -pol.We can be sure, even without reading history books, that the Greeks settled in certain places during ancient times and gave them their names with -polis which means city in Greek."

"There are also lots of places that have taken their names from famous people, such as Saratov, Washington, etc. The process of name-giving is not just a thing of the past. It is still very much alive today and shows the main events in a countrys history. For example, Bratsk speaks of young people of different nationalities who went to the wild taiga and founded a new town there."