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Great Britain or the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North- ern Ireland is formed of the following parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is situated on the British Isles, lying to the west of the continent of Europe. Great Britain is separated from the Europe- an continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. On the western coast Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Irish Sea, separating England from Ireland. The total area of the Untied Kingdom is 244.000 sq. kilometers. The population of Great Britain is more than 56 million. The mountains are an important feature of the geography of the country: their position largely determines the direction, length and character of the rivers. The highest mountains are in the central and northern parts of Scotland, in Wales and in the North-West of England.
There are many rivers in Great Britain: the Thames, the Severn and
others, but they are not long. Most of the rivers are connected with one
another by canals. Great Britain is known for its typically maritime
climate with frequent rains, strong winds and continuous fogs. The
weather is greatly influenced by the cool wind that blows from the sea.
Great Britain has a well-developed industry. Coal is the main
source for the development of British industry. One of the leading in-
dustries of Great Britain is the textile industry (Liverpool, Manchester).
Iron, steel and various machines are also produced there (Birmingham,
Sheffield). Shipbuilding and motor industry are highly developed too
(Glasgow). London, the capital of the country, situated on the river
Thames, is one of the biggest commercial centres of the world. As for
the agriculture, the country is famous for the cattle and sheep breeding.
Great Britain is a Parliamentary monarchy. The power of the
Queen (or the King) is limited by the Parliament and the Cabinet. Par-
liament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The Cabinet is headed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is
usually the leader of the party that has a majority in Parliament.
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