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At the beginning of the 11th century England was already a great country and London was a very important city. In 1066 William the Conqueror3 and his people went to England from Normandy ['nɔ:məndɪ] in France [fra:ns].

William the Conqueror became King4 of England. The King lived in London. Many of his people lived in London too. But William was afraid of the English, of the people of London and he built the White Tower5 to live in it. Now it is one of the most important and beautiful buildings of the Tower of London. As it is very famous, a lot of people visit it every year.

All Kings and Queens of England have lived in London. It became the biggest city in England. By 1600 there were more than two hundred thousand (200 000) people in London.

II
In those days people usually built houses of wood, and they often were near one another. Sometimes there were fires in the city, but they were usually very small. Then came 1666, the year of the Great Fire of London.

On Saturday, 2nd September 1666 there was a strong wind from the river and a big fire began. It started in the house of the king’s baker,1 near London Bridge.

The baker’s wife woke up in the middle of the night because the house was on fire. Soon the next house started burning and then the next and the next... The fire burnt until Thursday. Many houses in London were burnt. The fire burnt for four days and destroyed2 80% of the city. More than 250 thousand people didn’t have home any more.

After the Great Fire people built a new city. The city became larger and larger. By 1830 there were more than one and a half million ['miljən] people in London. The railways came and London became richer and richer, but it didn’t become nicer. The city became dark and dirty and people lived in bad houses.

There are still some poor people in London today, but life is better now as there are many new houses and flats. The city is also much cleaner.
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