New Year is the main calendar holiday, coming at the moment of transition from the last day of the year to the first day of the next year. It is celebrated by many nations in accordance with the adopted calendar. The beginning of the year from January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. In ancient Rome, this day was dedicated to Janus - the god of choice, doors and all beginnings. The month of January got its name in honor of the god Janus, who was depicted with two faces: one looked forward, and the other - back.

Most countries celebrate the New Year on January 1, the first day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. The new year, taking into account the standard time, begins in the Pacific Ocean, and the Republic of Kiribati on the Line Islands (UTC + 14) meets it first. Later, the population of American Samoa, Midway and Niue Islands (UTC − 11 time zone) meets New Year in Kiribati on the Line Islands at this time already on January 2 and 1 hour after midnight [4]. Some countries celebrate the New Year by the lunar calendar.

On January 1, the New Year is celebrated for the first time in 153 BC. e., since from this day took office Roman consuls. In 46 BC e. Roman commander and high priest Guy Julius Caesar introduced his new calendar ("Julian") and finally approved the beginning of the year from January 1, 45 BC. e. It was under Caesar under the influence of astrology that the New Year holiday acquired the independent meaning of the time stamp of the beginning of the year and, thus, marked the beginning of the civil year.

January 1 - New Year according to the Gregorian, Julian and New Julian calendars.

Between January 21 and February 21 (one of the days) - Chinese New Year (China).

March 21 or 22 - Iranian New Year (Iran).

April 14 - Bengali New Year (Bangladesh).

163 days after Pesach (no earlier than September 5 and no later than October 5) - Jewish holiday Rosh Hashanah (Israel).