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Read the text quickly and match the headings a-g with the paragraphs 1-5. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use.

a.The party that became a legend
f. Rapping techniques
g. The message spreads across the nation
b. Hip hop goes global
c. Popular bands of today
d. Hip-hop culture begins to develop
e. Cool nights in the city

1.If you asked someone who Clive Campbell is, they probably wouldn't know. Yet, without him, there would be no hip hop. The roots of hip hop go back to Jamaican immigrants in New York City in the 1960s. Young people there grew up listening to the rhythms of funk and soul. This music was great for dancing, and people would often get together to dance at house and block parties. Every party needed a DJ", who chose and played popular songs, and an MC", who encouraged people to dance and entertained them between songs by telling jokes and inventing rhymes. Clive hoped to become one of these DJs.

2.Hip hop was born at a party one Friday night in 1973 at 1520 Sedgwick Ave, an apartment block in the Bronx. Clive, aka* 'Herc', was the DJ and he had noticed that when there was an instrumental break in a song, guests danced like crazy. So he decided to make the breaks longer by playing the same section of drumbeat over and over again. He also played two records at once and mixed the two rhythms together. People loved it! In fact, so many people came that the party had to be moved outside to Cedar Park, Herc had helped invent a new kind of popular music.

3.After his debut, Herc became Kool Herc, the most famous DJ of the era known as the 'Old School. The early DJs also came up with techniques that many hip hop artists would use in the future, such as scratching. This involves moving a vinyl record back and forth while it is playing. Meanwhile, MCs were turning their rhymes into spoken word poetry, or rap. DJ Afrika Bambaataa gave the musical movement the name 'hip hop' after the nonsense words used by MCs. During this period other elements of hip hop evolved, like graffiti and breaking. Dancers, called b-boys and b-girls, would entertain crowds at block parties. The dances could be very competitive, as two rivals tried to outdo each other on the floor.

4.In the 80s and 90s, hip hop became popular across the USA. Bands such as Public Enemy had hits with songs that protested against different issues. Many hip-hop artists today still rap about issues such as poverty and violence. On the west coast of the USA, hip hop became known in cities like San Francisco. Hit rappers such as Ice-T and Dr. Dre developed their own style and helped make the music popular across the country.

5.Hip hop has come a long way since the block parties in the Bronx. Today, if you travel to any country in the world, you will find a local hip-hop culture. ​