In April 1920, elections were held in Novonikolaevsk for the City Council of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies, and the power of the Soviets was established.

By the beginning of the First World War, Novonikolaevsk, with a population of about 60 thousand people, was the center of the main communications, in which the navigable Ob intersected with the Great Siberian Way and the Altai Railway. A railway was being built that was supposed to connect the city with the Kuznetsk coal district, and a railway was to be built to the cities of Verny and Tashkent.

On February 12, the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR approved the decision of the Regional Congress of Soviets to rename the city of Novonikolaevsk to the city of Novosibirsk. Already 120,128 people live in the city.

On February 12, the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR approved the decision of the Regional Congress of Soviets to rename the city of Novonikolaevsk to the city of Novosibirsk. Already 120,128 people live in the city.

By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the West Siberian Territory is divided into the Novosibirsk Region and the Altai Territory. Novosibirsk received the status of a regional center.

With the formation of the Siberian Territory on May 25, 1925, Novonikolaevsk becomes the administrative center of all Siberia. On February 12, 1926, the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR approved the decision of the Regional Congress of Soviets to rename the city of Novonikolaevsk to the city of Novosibirsk. The city begins to grow rapidly again. In 1926, 120,128 people already lived in the city. The construction of the necessary state buildings began, despite the initial lack of funds: Sibdalgostorg, Textilsyndicate. The buildings of Sovkino, Sibrevkom, the House of Lenin, the club of Soviet trade employees, the Palace of Labor were built.

The Avtomat garment factory, a vegetable oil processing plant, a saddlery factory, a bakery are being built, the Trud plant continues to operate as part of a foundry, mechanical, copper-boiler and model shops. Bakery CRC on the street. The factory combines a bakery, a bakery, a pasta factory, CRC mills, a grain mill and a grain dryer. In 1928, the Dynamo knitting factory was built. Housing construction is being revived, two-story 6-apartment houses are being built with a shared kitchen, a warm bathroom, and stove heating.

In 1921, the trade union of art workers and the first artel of poets and writers began to operate actively. On March 22, 1922, the first issue of the literary, artistic and socio-political magazine "Siberian Lights" was published, on November 15, 1922, the Siberian State Theater of Musical Drama was opened in the city with the opera "Mermaid" by A. S. Dargomyzhsky. Novonikolaevsk showed a rare example: here the professional theater of the most complex genre was the first to appear. The city becomes the musical and theatrical capital of a vast region.

For ten years, being the center of the Siberian region, the city concentrated all financial and economic resources in itself. The capital position brought Novosibirsk to the wide road of industrial and social and cultural development.

Already in 1925, the development of scientific potential was initiated here. A society for the study of Siberia and its productive forces was created, and in 1928 the Siberian Regional Branch of the All-Union Association of Science and Technology Workers was organized to promote socialist construction. In December 1926, the first Siberian Regional Research Congress was held. It was attended by 326 delegates, about 100 people spoke. In the thirties, dozens of scientific laboratories, a number of research and design institutes were created in the city. On January 24, 1930, the first congress of scientific workers of Western Siberia was held.

From July 30, 1930, in connection with the division of the Siberian Territory, Novosibirsk became the center of the West Siberian Territory. In 1930, in the left-bank part of Novosibirsk, the construction of a large Sibkombain plant began. In 1931, on the right bank, another large machine-building complex was laid - a mining equipment plant, a machine-tool plant named after A. XVI Party Congress, locomotive repair plant, light and food industry enterprises. In 1934, a new double-track railway bridge was built across the Ob River, the Inskaya marshalling yard, at which a new, fast-growing residential microdistrict is being formed. By 1934, the urban population had grown to 294,000 people, and in 1939, to 406,000 people.