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Scanners provide a capability for direct data entry into the computer system. The major advantage of this direct data entry is that humans do not have key the data. This leads to faster and more accurate data entry. The two major types of scanners are optical scanners and magnetic-ink character recognition devices.

Optical scanners are input devices that can “read” data recorded on paper. The scanning techniques used involve light sensors; thus, they are called optical devices. The data to be scanned may be typed or handwritten characters, data-coded as pencil marks, or data-coded as bars. The common optical scanner devices are called optical character readers, optical mark readers and bar-code readers.

An optical character reader (OCR) inputs data by using optical scanning mechanisms that can detect or scan alphabetic and numeric characters printed on paper. If the data are typewritten, they must be typed using a special type font, called an OCR font. Examples of the used of OCR devices include the scanners used by the Postal Service to aid in sorting bulk mail, and as first-draft input for word processing system.

Optical mark readers (OMR) are able to detect pencil marks, made on special paper forms. The actual inputting of data through an OMR device involves shining a light on the page being scanned and detecting the reflections from the pencil marks. Pencil marks made with a soft lead pencil (high graphite content) will reflect the light. It is this reflection that the OMR device detects.

Optical bar-code readers detect combination of marks or printed bars that represent the data. Bar codes have been used for a number of years for some types of credit card processing and by the post office for mail sorting. It is very common to use bar-code readers in conjunction with point-of-sale devices. The most widely known bar code is the Universal Product Code (UPC), which appears on all retail packages.

Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) devices were developed to assist the banking industry, MICR devices speed up data input for the banking industry by reading characters imprinted on paper documents using a magnetic ink ( an ink that contains iron oxide particles). Check and deposit form processing is the largest application of MICR.

bar-coded reader - устройство считывания штрих-кода
point-of-scale device - кассовый терминал

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