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Michael Faraday, one of the greatest men of science, had little chance to get an education. His father was a blacksmith, and Faraday was born to work with his hands too. When thirteen years of age, he went as apprentice to learn bookbinding. He read many of the books he had to bind. Once when binding an encyclopedia he ran across an article on electricity. It struck his imagination and aroused his interest. With the little money he could save, he bought a cheap and simple apparatus and set to make experiments. He attended the lectures of Humphry Davy, an outstanding scientist and the most popular lecturer in London at that time. It was Davy who helped Faraday to become assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institute and to get a profound knowledge of the subject. While still an assistant, he helped Davy to create a safety lamp for miners. He learned chemistry, he was working on the problem of turning gases into liquids. An important discovery of Faraday was benzol which he separated from condensed oil gas, and which since then found world-wide application. For several years he is known to have been working at the problem of a perfect optical glass and to have made a glass that greatly improved the telescope.
Yet the problem of electricity and magnetism interested him above all. All the scientific world had known by that time if current runs through a copper wire wound around a piece of iron, the iron becomes a magnet. If electricity magnetizes, why won't magnetism electrify? That was the question Faraday asked himself over and over. For a long time he tried different experiments to solve the problem. At last in 1831 he made his major discovery in the field of electricity - the electromagnetic induction.
Among a number of other discoveries he is also known to have measured electric current for the first time, and to have made several important observations on the conductivity of different materials.
Although Faraday enjoyed world-wide popularity, he remained a modest man, never wanting either to accept high titles or to get any money out of his numerous discoveries. He was one of those great men who made possible the age of electricity in which we live, all the marvels it brings us and all those it may bring to the future generations.
Michael Faraday, one of the greatest men of science, had little chance to get an education. His father was a blacksmith, and Faraday was born to work with his hands too. When thirteen years of age, he went as apprentice to learn bookbinding. He read many of the books he had to bind. Once when binding an encyclopedia he ran across an article on electricity. It struck his imagination and aroused his interest. With the little money he could save, he bought a cheap and simple apparatus and set to make experiments. He attended the lectures of Humphry Davy, an outstanding scientist and the most popular lecturer in London at that time. It was Davy who helped Faraday to become assistant at the laboratory of the Royal Institute and to get a profound knowledge of the subject. While still an assistant, he helped Davy to create a safety lamp for miners. He learned chemistry, he was working on the problem of turning gases into liquids. An important discovery of Faraday was benzol which he separated from condensed oil gas, and which since then found world-wide application. For several years he is known to have been working at the problem of a perfect optical glass and to have made a glass that greatly improved the telescope.
Yet the problem of electricity and magnetism interested him above all. All the scientific world had known by that time if current runs through a copper wire wound around a piece of iron, the iron becomes a magnet. If electricity magnetizes, why won't magnetism electrify? That was the question Faraday asked himself over and over. For a long time he tried different experiments to solve the problem. At last in 1831 he made his major discovery in the field of electricity - the electromagnetic induction.
Among a number of other discoveries he is also known to have measured electric current for the first time, and to have made several important observations on the conductivity of different materials.
Although Faraday enjoyed world-wide popularity, he remained a modest man, never wanting either to accept high titles or to get any money out of his numerous discoveries. He was one of those great men who made possible the age of electricity in which we live, all the marvels it brings us and all those it may bring to the future generations.
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У Майкла Фарадея, одного из величайших ученых, было мало шансов получить образование. Его отец был кузнецом, и Фарадею тоже было суждено заниматься ручным трудом (дословно: работать руками). Когда ему исполнилось тринадцать лет, он пошел в подмастерья, чтобы изучать переплетное дело. Он прочитал много книг, которые ему пришлось переплетать. Однажды, переплетая энциклопедию, он наткнулся на статью об электричестве. Это поразило его воображение и пробудило в нем интерес. На те небольшие деньги, которые он смог отложить, он купил дешевый и простой аппарат и начал проводить эксперименты. Он посещал лекции Хамфри Дэви, выдающегося ученого и самого популярного лектора в Лондоне того времени. Именно Дэви помог Фарадею стать ассистентом в лаборатории Королевского института и получить глубокие познания в предмете. Когда он был еще ассистентом, он помог Дэви создать безопасную рудничную лампу для шахтеров. Он изучал химию, работал над проблемой превращения газов в жидкости. Важным открытием Фарадея стал бензол, который он отделил от конденсированного нефтяного газа и с тех пор нашел всемирное применение. Известно, что в течение нескольких лет он работал над проблемой идеального оптического стекла и создал стекло, которое значительно улучшило телескоп.
Но прежде всего его интересовала проблема электричества и магнетизма. К тому времени весь научный мир знал, что если ток течет по медной проволоке, намотанной на кусок железа, железо становится магнитом. Если электричество намагничивает, почему магнетизм не электризуется? Этот вопрос Фарадей задавал себе снова и снова. Долгое время он проводил разные эксперименты, чтобы решить эту проблему. Наконец, в 1831 году он совершил свое главное открытие в области электричества - электромагнитную индукцию.
Среди ряда других открытий он также известен тем, что впервые измерил электрический ток и сделал несколько важных наблюдений о проводимости различных материалов.
Хотя Фарадей пользовался мировой популярностью, он оставался скромным человеком, никогда не желая ни принимать высоких титулов, ни получать деньги от своих многочисленных открытий. Он был одним из тех великих людей, которые сделали возможным век электричества, в котором мы живем, все чудеса, которые оно приносит нам, и все те чудеса, которые оно может принести будущим поколениям.