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The largest nation in the world is the Russian Federation. It has an area of
17,075,400 square kilometres, almost twice that of the second largest country
Canada.
A train 10,000 km trip between Moscow in the west and Vladivostok in the
east takes seven days and passes through eight time zones, including that of
Moscow.
Also called Russia, it consists of 20 autonomous (self-governing) republics
and more than 50 other regions. It covers one tenth of the earth's land area - one
third of Asia, and two fifths of Europe.
Russia has a very varied climate and landscape that ranges from mountains
in the south and east to vast lowlands, and rivers in the north and west. The pop-
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ulation is varied too, although most of the 149 million people are of Russian
origin and speak the Russian language.
The Russian Federation came into being in 1991 after the break up of the
Soviet Union, or USSR. After 1991, the Russian people experienced greater political
freedom but also economic hardship as their country changed from a
state-planned to a free-market economy.
The Russian Federation has vast agricultural resources. It is also rich in
minerals and has considerable industry. In the early 1990s, the Russian government
sought international investment to help overcome its economic problems.
The Russian Federation stretches from Eastern Europe in the west across
the entire width of Asia to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic
Ocean in the north to Central Asia in the south. Moscow is the capital and largest
city of Russia. St. Petersburg, on the coast of the Baltic Sea, is Russia's chief
seaport.
At present, the political and economic situation in the country is rather
complicated. There are a lot of problems in the national economy of the Russian
Federation. The industrial production is decreasing. The prices are constantly
rising, the rate of inflation is very high. People are losing their jobs because
many factories and plants are going bankrupt.
But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of
opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the
world. I'm sure that we, the younger generation, can do very much to make Russia
as strong and powerful as it used to be.