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To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles. The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Re¬ public. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the Unit¬ ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name. Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers, and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea. At the same time, the population of the UK is the third largest in Europe, comprising about 60 million people. It is incorrect to call ev¬ erybody who lives in the United Kingdom “English”, as this is the name only for those who live in England. The residents of Wales are named Welsh, while the people of Scotland are called Scottish. The correct common name for English, Scottish and Welsh is British. Those who live in Northern Ireland are called Irish. The climate of the British Isles is generally mild; it is seldom cold in winter and never too hot in summer. This is due to the warm current of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf Stream. Britain was always known as the country of fogs, but now it is not quite so because of the climatic changes: there is maybe less fog than in any other European country. There are no high mountains and long rivers in the UK. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in the Highlands of Scotland, and the longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames. Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being locat¬ ed on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the rea¬ sons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the river Thames. Britain has an ancient and glorious history. It used to be the great empire “where the sun never sets”. It gave the world many famous scientists, writers, political leaders and explorers, such as Newton, Dar¬ win, Drake, Shakespeare, Churchill and others. For centuries monarchs ruled Britain. The constitutional monarchy is still preserved in the country, though it is practically no more than a tradition and a tribute to the past. Queen Elisabeth II is Head of State. Her power is limited by the parliament, which is elected every four years. The leader of the party that has won the majority during the elections becomes the Prime Minister. In fact, he becomes the head of state and forms the Cabinet. The second largest party forms the official Opposition..
To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles. The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Re¬ public. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the Unit¬ ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name. Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers, and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea. At the same time, the population of the UK is the third largest in Europe, comprising about 60 million people. It is incorrect to call ev¬ erybody who lives in the United Kingdom “English”, as this is the name only for those who live in England. The residents of Wales are named Welsh, while the people of Scotland are called Scottish. The correct common name for English, Scottish and Welsh is British. Those who live in Northern Ireland are called Irish. The climate of the British Isles is generally mild; it is seldom cold in winter and never too hot in summer. This is due to the warm current of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf Stream. Britain was always known as the country of fogs, but now it is not quite so because of the climatic changes: there is maybe less fog than in any other European country. There are no high mountains and long rivers in the UK. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in the Highlands of Scotland, and the longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames. Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being locat¬ ed on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the rea¬ sons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the river Thames. Britain has an ancient and glorious history. It used to be the great empire “where the sun never sets”. It gave the world many famous scientists, writers, political leaders and explorers, such as Newton, Dar¬ win, Drake, Shakespeare, Churchill and others. For centuries monarchs ruled Britain. The constitutional monarchy is still preserved in the country, though it is practically no more than a tradition and a tribute to the past. Queen Elisabeth II is Head of State. Her power is limited by the parliament, which is elected every four years. The leader of the party that has won the majority during the elections becomes the Prime Minister. In fact, he becomes the head of state and forms the Cabinet. The second largest party forms the official Opposition..
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К западу от европейского континента лежат два огромных острова. Больший из них называется Великобританией, меньший - Ирландией. Они и ещё 5500 островов поменьше образуют Британские острова. Остров Великобритании состоит из Англии, Шотландии и Уэльса. Остров Ирландии разделен на Северную Ирландию и Ирландскую республику. Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс и Северная Ирландия образуют Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии. Официальное название страны - Соединенное Королевство, иногда называется Великобританией, что, строго говоря, является лишь географическим названием. Великобритания омывается Атлантическим океаном и Ирландским морем на западе, Северным морем с севера и запада. Она отделена от Европы Английским каналом. Его самая узкая часть называется Дуврским проливом. Англия - небольшая страна. Ее территория составляет около 244 тыс квадратных километров, и ни одна точка страны не располагается выше 120 км над уровнем моря. В то же время, население страны - третье по величине в Европе и составляет около 60 миллионов человек. Неправильно называть англичанами всех, что живет в Великобритании, так как так называют только тех, кто живет в Англии. Жителей Уэльса называют валлийцами, в то время как жителей Шотландии называют шотландцами. Правильное общее название для англичан, шотландцев и валлийцев - британцы. Тех, кто живет в Северной Ирландии, называют ирландцами. Климат Британских островов в целом мягкий; зимой редко бывает холодно, а летом никогда не бывает слишком жарко. Это благодаря теплому течения Атлантического океана, Гольфстриму. Британия всегда была известна как страна туманов, но сейчас из-за климатических изменений это не совсем так: возможно, там меньше тумана, чем в любой другой европейской стране. В Британии нет высоких гор и длинных рек. Самая высокая гора находится в высокогорьях Шотландии и называется Бен Невис, а самые длинные реки - Северн и Темза. Географически, Великобритания занимает очень удобное положение, расположившись на перекрестке от Европы к Америке. Это одна из причин, почему Британия была (и до сих пор является) одной из ведущих мировых держав. Столицей страны является Лондон. Он расположен на реке Темзе. У Британии древняя и великолепная история. Она была великой империей, "где никогда не заходит солнце". Она подарила миру множество известных ученых, писателей, политических лидеров и исследователей, таких как Ньютон, Дарвин, Дрейк, Шекспир, Черчилль и других. Веками Британия управлялась монархами. Конституционная монархия по-прежнему сохранилась в стране, хотя она на самом деле не что иное, как традиция и дань уважения прошлому. Королева Елизавета Вторая - глава государства. Ее могущество ограничено парламентом, который избирается каждые четыре года. Глава партии, которая получила большинство голосов на выборах, становится премьер-министром. Фактически, он становится главой государства и формирует Кабинет министров. Вторая по величине партия формирует официальную оппозицию.