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1) How are human values described in the text? Do you agree with this definition? Would you like to add anything to it?
2) Is it true, in your opinion, that human values are an individual thing? Do you think that goodness, kindness can be understood differently by different people? Do universal hu- man values really exist in your view?
3) Do you think that human values mentioned in the text are inborn features? Can they be developed in this case? Or do you support the idea that human values are worked out in a certain society and should be learned or acquired by its members?
4) In what way do you understand freedom? What factors can influence a person's freedom? Can and should personal freedom be limited? Can it be unlimited?
5) Which in your opinion are more important things for a person - spiritual or physical
aspects of life? Can they be equally important?
6) Would you agree that our values and beliefs are able to solve the problems that exist in our society? Can they help immediately?
7) Do you think that only philosophy and religion should work on the spiritual aspects of life and help people to understand values?
8) Can you say that values are not a constant phenomenon in our life? Do you think they can change? Can you give any examples how certain values have changed or are changing?
ПЕРЕВОД ТЕКСТА:
Давайте посмотрим на человеческие ценности, как ученый смотрит на явление, которое он выбрал для изучения. Что мы понимаем под человеческими ценностями? Прежде всего, это то, что мы ценим и хотим иметь, или какие-то цели, которых мы хотим достичь.
Во-вторых, человеческие ценности-дело индивидуальное, потому что каждый человек определяет, что хорошо и важно, а что нет. Хотя есть определенные общечеловеческие ценности, такие как, например, честность, доброта, добродетель, высокие моральные принципы, свобода, они не всегда означают одно и то же для нас. Мы часто оцениваем по-разному одни и те же вещи и действия.
Что хорошо в одной ситуации может быть довольно плохо в некоторых других. Мы все согласны, что люди не должны лгать, ложь-это зло, но мы также знаем, что иногда правда может убить человека. Таким образом, люди часто должны решить, что делать или говорить, и этот выбор не всегда легко, а иногда идет вразрез с их убеждениями и принципами.
В-третьих, когда мы говорим о человеческих ценностях, мы обычно не включаем в это понятие удовлетворение наших физических потребностей. Они также важны для нас, часто просто для того, чтобы выжить, но было бы справедливо сказать, что концепция человеческих ценностей описывает ту часть наших целей, которая не является необходимой для выживания. Мы называем эти аспекты жизни духовными, в отличие от других аспектов, которые называются физиологическими или биологическими. Философия и религия традиционно работают над духовными аспектами нашей жизни.
Answers & Comments
1) Human values in the text are described as something purely individual for each person, and I agree with this opinion.
2) Of course, human values are an individual thing. Each person perceives kindness, honesty or morality in his own way. However, there are such values that are approximately the same for many people, such values are called universal, as love, justice, freedom and conscience.
3) No human value is innate, all of which we acquire as we live. Of course, the society in which we live and its members constantly affect our human values, as an example of this is the family, which affects the values that each of its members will carry.
4) Human freedom is the ability to be yourself and not hide behind the mask of anyone else. In fact, our personal freedom can be influenced by many - the goverment, laws, society and unwritten laws. Our freedom ends where another person's freedom begins, so yes, human freedom can and is already limited. Unlimited freedom would lead to chaos.
5) In my opinion, both of these aspects are equally important for a person and should be in a state of balance.
6) No, I don't agree, the current values and beliefs of our society wouldn't help in solving the problems that we have now. But even if we could change the moral values of all mankind, it wouldn't help us to solve all the problems overnight.
7) Philosophy and religion are only meant to help people, but they are not the only ways to understand the spiritual aspect of personality. Anything can play a role in the concept of spiritual values, starting from the situations experienced by a person in society and ending with books that made you think.
8) I have never in my life met a person who wouldn't have a single human value, so I think that this is still a constant phenomenon of our life. However, I think human values can change over time. For example, the human value of love in someone who has experienced a great love disappointment will be completely different than the one who didn't experience it. Or the human value of honesty will be different for someone who has been deceived many times.