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TRAINING OF JOURNALISTS

There are two main
stages of training Journalists in the United Kingdom – for the beginners
and for the ехрerienced senior. The training
can be based within the newspaper itself or upon а university or college.

These stages give
very positive effect. The university training, or the general education gives
the future journalist the necessary background for his profession. It includes
the study over three years of shorthand, typewriting, English language and
literature, the organization and functions of central and local government,
law, sometimes musical theory, the history of art, etc.

The newspaper
training is built around the newspaper in which a journalist is employed. The
training is held under the supervision of the editor. Such education is partly
at the employer's expense and in his time.

Journalism in Russia dates
back to the first handwritten Russian newspapers. They were called Vesti (News)
and Vedomosti (Information). The earliest newspapers date back to 1621.
The first printed Russian newspaper appeared in 1702. The great expansion of
the press, broadcasting and television has intensified the demand for skilled
journalists.

Professional
training for journalists is a recent innovation in this country. The Moscow
Institute of Journalism was established in 1921. After that the departments of
journalism were created at some Universities, and special schools, and courses
were organized.

After the Second
World War, some departments of journalism were established at Universities on
the basis of the Faculties of Philology. The largest centre for the training of
journalists is the Faculty of Journalism at the Lomonosov
University in Moscow.