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Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was born

in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was

poor and during his early education he was an average student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Louis was exposed

to science as a teenager, he knew

he had found

his calling.
In 1838, Louis went

to college to become a science teacher. He earned

degrees in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. He then became

a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg.
While at university, he fell

in love with the daughter of the university's

rector, Marie Laurent. He and Marie married in 1849. They had

five children, however, three died young from typhoid fever. It was

the deaths of his children that drove Louis to investigate infectious diseases in order to find

a cure.
During Pasteur's

time, people believed

that microbes, such as bacteria, appeared

due to "spontaneous generation". They thought

that the bacteria just appeared

out of nowhere. Pasteur ran

experiments to see

if this was

true. Through his experiments he proved

that germs (i.e. bacteria) were living

things that came from other living things. They didn't just spontaneously appear

. This was

a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the nickname the "Father of Germ Theory".
Pasteur used

his knowledge of germs to investigate

how beverages such as wine and milk were spoiled

by microbes such as bacteria and molds. He found

that heating

up the liquids would kill

most of the microbes and allow the beverages to last longer and be safer to drink. This process became

known as pasteurization and is still done on many foods such as milk, vinegar, wines, cheese, and juices.
As Pasteur learned

more and more about bacteria, he began

to think they may be

the cause of disease in humans. When the French silk market was threatened

by a disease to silkworms, Pasteur decided

to investigate. He discovered

that this disease was caused

by microbes. By eliminating

the microbes from the silkworm farms, he was

able to end the disease and save the French silk business.
Pasteur continued

to investigate with diseases. He found

that he could make

a weak form of a disease that would cause people to become immune to the stronger form of the disease. He called

this weak form a "vaccine". He first discovered

this by working

with cattle on the disease anthrax. The first vaccine he gave to a human was

the rabies vaccine. He administered

it to a nine-year-old boy named Joseph Meister in 1885.
Today Louis Pasteur is known

as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led

to an understanding of microbes and diseases that has helped to save millions and millions of lives.
Ответьте на вопросы:
Why did he decide

to investigate infectious diseases?
His children died


He was

a professor of chemistry
He was running

some experiments with bacteria
What is

"pasteurization"?
Pasteur's

laboratory
Process

of heating beverages
Examination of bacteria
How did Pasteur save

the French silk business?
He invested

some money in it
He reduced

the amount of microbes on the farms
He investigated the cause of the disease
Who did he give his first vaccination to?
To himself
To animals
To a boy
What field were his main inventions in?
Mathematics, physics and chemistry
Science and business
Bacteria and diseases