Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty National Monument officially celebrated her 100th birthday on October 28,1986. The people of France gave the Statue to the people of the United States one hundred and seventeen years ago in recognition of the friendship established during the American Revolution.
Over the years, the Statue of Liberty has grown to include freedom and democracy as well as this international friendship. The sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence.
The Statue was a joint effort between America and France and it was agreed upon that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, lack of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, exhibitions, auctions assisted in providing needed funds. Meanwhile in France, Bartholdi required the assistance of an engineer to design such a colossal copper sculpture. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (designer of the Eiffel Tower) was commissioned to design the massive iron pylon and secondary skeletal framework.
Back in America, fund raising for the pedestal was going particularly slowly, so Joseph Pulitzer (noted for the Pulitzer Prize) opened up the editorial pages of his newspaper, «The World» to support the fund raising effort. Pulitzer used his newspaper to criticize both the rich who had failed to finance the creation of pedestal construction and the middle class who were content to rely upon the wealthy to provide the funds. Pulitzer's campaign of harsh criticism was successful. They got the money.
The Statue was placed upon a granite pedestal inside the courtyard of the star-shaped walls of Fort Wood (which had been completed for the War of 1812.) The United States had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of Liberty. After 1901, the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue of Liberty within it) a National Monument on October 15th, 1924.
In 1933, the care and administration works of the National Monument were transferred to the National Park Service. On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction of this Service was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe's Island and in 1956, the island's name was changed to Liberty Island.
ответить на вопросы....
1. Why did the people of France give the Statue to the peo¬ple of the United States one hundred and seventeen years ago?
2. Who was commissioned to design the sculpture?
3. What was the reason for creating4he statue?
4. What was the responsibility of American and French people while the statue was being created?
5. What were the methods used to raise funds in France and the United States?
6. When and how was Bedloe's Island renamed?
The Statue of Liberty National Monument officially celebrated her 100th birthday on October 28,1986. The people of France gave the Statue to the people of the United States one hundred and seventeen years ago in recognition of the friendship established during the American Revolution.
Over the years, the Statue of Liberty has grown to include freedom and democracy as well as this international friendship. The sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence.
The Statue was a joint effort between America and France and it was agreed upon that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States. However, lack of funds was a problem on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, exhibitions, auctions assisted in providing needed funds. Meanwhile in France, Bartholdi required the assistance of an engineer to design such a colossal copper sculpture. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (designer of the Eiffel Tower) was commissioned to design the massive iron pylon and secondary skeletal framework.
Back in America, fund raising for the pedestal was going particularly slowly, so Joseph Pulitzer (noted for the Pulitzer Prize) opened up the editorial pages of his newspaper, «The World» to support the fund raising effort. Pulitzer used his newspaper to criticize both the rich who had failed to finance the creation of pedestal construction and the middle class who were content to rely upon the wealthy to provide the funds. Pulitzer's campaign of harsh criticism was successful. They got the money.
The Statue was placed upon a granite pedestal inside the courtyard of the star-shaped walls of Fort Wood (which had been completed for the War of 1812.) The United States had responsibility for the operation of the Statue of Liberty. After 1901, the care and operation of the Statue was placed under the War Department. A Presidential Proclamation declared Fort Wood (and the Statue of Liberty within it) a National Monument on October 15th, 1924.
In 1933, the care and administration works of the National Monument were transferred to the National Park Service. On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction of this Service was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe's Island and in 1956, the island's name was changed to Liberty Island.
ответить на вопросы....
1. Why did the people of France give the Statue to the peo¬ple of the United States one hundred and seventeen years ago?
2. Who was commissioned to design the sculpture?
3. What was the reason for creating4he statue?
4. What was the responsibility of American and French people while the statue was being created?
5. What were the methods used to raise funds in France and the United States?
6. When and how was Bedloe's Island renamed?
Answers & Comments
Национальный памятник Статуя Свободы официально отпраздновала свое столетие 28 октября 1986 года. Народ Франции подарил Статую народу Соединенных Штатов сто семнадцать лет назад в честь дружбы, возникшей в годы Американской революции.Спустя годы Статуя Свободы стала символом не только международной дружбы, но и символом свободы и демократии. Скульптору Фредерику Аугусте Бартольди было поручено разработать скульптуру, посвященную столетию провозглашения американской Декларации Независимости.Статуя стала символом объединенных усилий между Америкой и Францией и было согласовано, что американцы сделают пьедестал, а французы будут отвечать за создание статуи и ее установку в Соединенных Штатах. Тем не менее, отсутствие средств стало проблемой обоих побережий Атлантического океана.Во Франции общественные взносы, различные виды развлечений, лотереи — все было задействовано для сбора средств. В Соединенных Штатах в сборе средств были задействованы пользующиеся успехом благотворительные театральные постановки, выставки, аукционы. Тем временем во Франции Бартольди нужна была помощь инженера, чтобы создать такую колоссальную бронзовую скульптуру. Александру Густаву Эйфелю (дизайнер, создавший Эйфелеву башню) было поручено создание массивного железного пилона и вспомогательного каркаса скелета.В Америке же, сбор средств на пьедестал шел особенно медленно, так что Джозеф Пулитцер (учредитель Пулитцеровской премии) начал печатать редакционные статьи» в своей газете «Мир», чтобы поддержать сбор средств. Пулитцер использовал свою газету для критики как богатых, которые не смогли профинансировать создание конструкции пьедестала, так и средний класс, который понадеялся, что богатые предоставят все средства. Пулитцеровская кампания всесокрушающей критики достигла успеха. Они собрали деньги.Статую разместили на гранитном пьедестале во внутренней части двора Форта Вуд, окруженного стенами в форме звезды (который был закончен к войне 1812 года). Соединенные Штаты возложили ответственность за эксплуатацию Статуи Свободы на себя. После 1901 года, обслуживание и забота об эксплуатации Статуи были возложены на Министерство обороны. 15 октября 1924 года президентским указом Форт Вуд (вместе со Статуей Свободы) был объявлен национальным памятником.В 1933 году заботу и административные работы были возложены на Службу национальных парков. 7 сентября 1937 года юрисдикция данной службы распространилась на весь остров Бедлоу, а в 1956 году название острова поменяли на Либерти Айленд (Остров Свободы).
Ответы на вопросы:
1. The people of France gave the Statue to the people of the United States in recognition of the friendship.
2. The sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture.
3. The Statue was a joint effort between America and France.
4. It was agreed upon that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were responsible for the Statue and its assembly in the United States.
5. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment, and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical events, exhibitions, auctions assisted in providing needed funds.
6. In 1933, the care and administration works of the National Monument were transferred to the National Park Service. On September 7, 1937, jurisdiction of this Service was enlarged to encompass all of Bedloe's Island and in 1956, the island's name was changed to Liberty Island.