Задание 8. Прочтите текст. Переведите на русский язык. По всему содержанию текста задайте 5 вопросов.

Sentencing Young Offenders

The main custodial sentence for 12 to 17 year olds is the detention and training order which was introduced in April 2000 and replaced detention in a young offender institution and the secure training order. It is a two-part sentence which combines a period of custody with a period under supervision in the community. It may last for a minimum of four months to a maximum of two years and there is provision for the custodial element to be shortened or lengthened depending on the young offender's progress. Offenders under 18 convicted of certain serious offences may be detained for a period not exceeding the maximum term of imprisonment which would be available for that offence in the case of an adult. Those convicted of murder are detained "during Her Majesty"s pleasure'-the equivalent of a life sentence in the case of an adult. Non-custodial penalties include: conditional discharge; fines and compensation orders (with the offender's parents having to pay); supervision orders (where the offender must comply with specific requirements, such as staying in local authority accommodation); and attendance centre orders. Those aged 16 or 17 may also be given the same community rehabilitation, community punishment, community punishment and rehabilitation, drug treatment and testing, curfew and exclusion orders as older offenders. From February 2001 the courts have been able to sentence offenders aged 10-15 to a curfew order with electronic tagging. This was previously only available for offenders aged 16 or over. Other new orders are also available, including a reparation order, which requires young offenders to compensate the victim(s) of their offence or the community which they have harmed in some non-financial way; and an action plan order, making them comply with an individually tailored programme intended to alter their offending behaviour. Complementing these are parenting orders, which require a parent or guardian to attend counselling and guidance sessions, and may direct them to comply with other requirements; and child safety orders, which place a child under ten who is at risk of becoming involved in crime or is behaving in an anti-social manner under the supervision of a specified, responsible officer. Prohibitive anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) may be applied to individuals or groups whose threatening and disruptive conduct harasses the local community. Anyone in breach of such an order is guilty of a criminal offence. ASBOs and sex offender orders are applicable throughout the UK. By the end of March 2001, around 215 ASBOs had been issued. A young offender convicted in court for the first time and pleading guilty may be sentenced to a referral order where an absolute discharge or custodial sentence is not appropriate. These orders are being piloted in seven areas in England and Wales. The offender is referred to a panel of two community volunteers and a member of the Youth Offending Team who agree a programme of activity aimed primarily at preventing re-offending. The target date for national implementation of referral orders is April 2002.
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