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In Britain you can hear different words about the days when

most people do not go to work and celebrate different traditions or simply relax. These days off are called common law holidays, bank holidays and public holidays. Why? What’s the

difference?

We can find an explanation in history and law.

Before 1834 about thirty-three saints’ days and religious festivals were celebrated as holidays, but in 1834

only four were left: 1 May, 1 November, Good Friday and

Christmas Day. The name “bank holidays” first appeared

in 1871 in the Bank Holidays Act, which was introduced by a

politician Sir John Lubbock – a Liberal MP.

A banker, scientist and social reformer, Sir John Lubbock

aimed to ease the life of the working class people when he suggested introducing days off, which were not religious holidays.

As banks were closed, all people had a day off. English people

were so thankful that they called the first Bank Holidays “St.

Lubbock’s Days”.

After that, public holidays were renamed or added to the

calendar of different UK countries in different years from

1903 to the present time.

Very often the two words – bank holidays and public holidays – are used interchangeably in everyday life, although legally there is a difference. Strictly speaking, bank holidays

are holidays when banks and many other businesses are closed

for the day. Public holidays are holidays, which have been celebrated for many years through custom and tradition.

In fact, whether holidays are bank or public, is written in the

Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which replaced the

Bank Holidays Act 1871.

If a public holiday falls on a Saturday or Sunday, it is usually celebrated on the next working weekday, called “a substitute public holiday”. Extra bank holidays are created by Royal

proclamation. For example, the wedding of Charles, Prince

of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer on 29 July 1981, the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II on Monday, 3 June 2002 and the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton on 29 April

2011 were made extra bank holidays.​