Ответ:

1 The fire had already reached the roof by the time the fireman arrived.

2 Joe Smith went to prison because he had stolen a lot of money.

3 Helen went to bed after she had watched her favourite TV programme.

4 My father bought the new car after he had dried it a few times.

5 By the time Sonia got to the party, everyone had begun dancing.

6 Lorenzo had eaten all the ice cream before I opened the fridge.

7 There was a lot of snow outside because it had snowed earlier in that day.

8 Beatriz didn't pass the test because she hadn't studied at all.

Объяснение:

Формула для Past Perfect: had + v3. Используется, чтобы указать на действие, которое произошло раньше другого действия в прошлом.