Ответ:
Последовательности заданы рекуррентно:
30.18
1) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = -1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2}[/tex]
2) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{3}; a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{3 - a_{n}}}[/tex]
3) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = 1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2\sqrt{a_{n}} + 1}[/tex]
30.19
1) [tex]\boxed{a_{n} = 1;a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 1}[/tex]
2) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = 0,5; a_{n + 1} =\dfrac{a_{n}}{1 + a_{n}}}[/tex]
3) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = 1;a_{n + 1} = \sqrt{a_{n}^{2} + 1}}[/tex]
Объяснение:
Можно задать следующий алгоритм для задания последовательности [tex]a_{n}[/tex] заданную в явном виде рекуррентным способом
1) [tex]a_{n} = 2n - 3[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 2 \cdot 1 - 3 = 2 - 3 = -1[/tex]
--------------------
[tex]a_{n} = 2n - 3[/tex]
[tex]2n = a_{n} + 3|:2[/tex]
[tex]n = \dfrac{a_{n} + 3}{2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = 2(n + 1) - 3 = 2n + 2 - 3 = 2n - 1 = 2 \cdot \dfrac{a_{n} + 3}{2} - 1 = a_{n} + 3 - 1 = a_{n} + 2[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{1} = -1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2[/tex]
2) [tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{n}{n + 2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{1 + 2} = \dfrac{1}{3}[/tex]
---------------------------
[tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{n}{n + 2} \bigg | \cdot ( n+ 2)[/tex]
[tex]a_{n}(n + 2) = n[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} + 2a_{n} = n[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} - n = -2a_{n}[/tex]
[tex]n(a_{n} - 1) = -2a_{n}|:(a_{n} - 1)[/tex]
[tex]n = \dfrac{-2a_{n}}{a_{n} - 1} = \dfrac{2a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{n + 1}{n + 1 + 2} = \dfrac{n + 1}{n + 3} = \dfrac{\dfrac{2a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}} + 1}{\dfrac{2a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}} + 3} = \dfrac{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 1 - a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}}}{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 3(1 - a_{n})}{1 - a_{n} } } = \dfrac{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 1 - a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}}}{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 3 - 3a_{n}}{1 - a_{n} } } =[/tex]
[tex]= \dfrac{\dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{1 - a_{n}}}{\dfrac{3 - a_{n}}{1 - a_{n} } } = \dfrac{(a_{n} + 1)(1 - a_{n})}{(3 - a_{n})(1 - a_{n})} = \dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{3 - a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{3}; a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{3 - a_{n}}[/tex]
3) [tex]a_{n} = n^{2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 1^{2} = 1[/tex]
------------------
[tex]a_{n} = n^{2}[/tex]
[tex]\sqrt{a_{n}} =\sqrt{ n^{2}}[/tex] (по определению числовой последовательности [tex]n \in \mathbb N[/tex])
[tex]n = \sqrt{a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = (n + 1)^{2} = n^{2} + 2n + 1 = a_{n} + 2\sqrt{a_{n}} + 1[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2\sqrt{a_{n}} + 1[/tex]
1) [tex]a_{n} = n[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 1[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 1[/tex]
[tex]a_{n} = 1;a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 1[/tex]
2) [tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{1}{n + 1}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{1 + 1} = \dfrac{1}{2} = 0,5[/tex]
-----------------------------------
[tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{1}{n + 1} \bigg| \cdot (n + 1)[/tex]
[tex]a_{n}(n + 1) = 1[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} + a_{n} = 1[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} = 1 - a_{n}|:a_{n}[/tex]
[tex]n = \dfrac{1 - a_{n}}{a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{1}{n + 1 + 1} = \dfrac{1}{n + 2} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1 - a_{n}}{a_{n}} + 2} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1 - a_{n} + 2a_{n}}{a_{n}} } = \dfrac{a_{n}}{1 + a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 0,5; a_{n + 1} =\dfrac{a_{n}}{1 + a_{n}}[/tex]
3) [tex]a_{n} = \sqrt{n}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \sqrt{1} = 1[/tex]
-------------------------
[tex]a_{n} = \sqrt{n}[/tex]
[tex](a_{n})^{2} = (\sqrt{n})^{2}[/tex]
[tex]n = a_{n}^{2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = \sqrt{n + 1} = \sqrt{a_{n}^{2} + 1}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 1;a_{n + 1} = \sqrt{a_{n}^{2} + 1}[/tex]
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Ответ:
Последовательности заданы рекуррентно:
30.18
1) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = -1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2}[/tex]
2) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{3}; a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{3 - a_{n}}}[/tex]
3) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = 1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2\sqrt{a_{n}} + 1}[/tex]
30.19
1) [tex]\boxed{a_{n} = 1;a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 1}[/tex]
2) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = 0,5; a_{n + 1} =\dfrac{a_{n}}{1 + a_{n}}}[/tex]
3) [tex]\boxed{a_{1} = 1;a_{n + 1} = \sqrt{a_{n}^{2} + 1}}[/tex]
Объяснение:
Можно задать следующий алгоритм для задания последовательности [tex]a_{n}[/tex] заданную в явном виде рекуррентным способом
30.18
1) [tex]a_{n} = 2n - 3[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 2 \cdot 1 - 3 = 2 - 3 = -1[/tex]
--------------------
[tex]a_{n} = 2n - 3[/tex]
[tex]2n = a_{n} + 3|:2[/tex]
[tex]n = \dfrac{a_{n} + 3}{2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = 2(n + 1) - 3 = 2n + 2 - 3 = 2n - 1 = 2 \cdot \dfrac{a_{n} + 3}{2} - 1 = a_{n} + 3 - 1 = a_{n} + 2[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{1} = -1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2[/tex]
2) [tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{n}{n + 2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{1 + 2} = \dfrac{1}{3}[/tex]
---------------------------
[tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{n}{n + 2} \bigg | \cdot ( n+ 2)[/tex]
[tex]a_{n}(n + 2) = n[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} + 2a_{n} = n[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} - n = -2a_{n}[/tex]
[tex]n(a_{n} - 1) = -2a_{n}|:(a_{n} - 1)[/tex]
[tex]n = \dfrac{-2a_{n}}{a_{n} - 1} = \dfrac{2a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{n + 1}{n + 1 + 2} = \dfrac{n + 1}{n + 3} = \dfrac{\dfrac{2a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}} + 1}{\dfrac{2a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}} + 3} = \dfrac{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 1 - a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}}}{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 3(1 - a_{n})}{1 - a_{n} } } = \dfrac{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 1 - a_{n}}{1 - a_{n}}}{\dfrac{2a_{n} + 3 - 3a_{n}}{1 - a_{n} } } =[/tex]
[tex]= \dfrac{\dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{1 - a_{n}}}{\dfrac{3 - a_{n}}{1 - a_{n} } } = \dfrac{(a_{n} + 1)(1 - a_{n})}{(3 - a_{n})(1 - a_{n})} = \dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{3 - a_{n}}[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{3}; a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{a_{n} + 1}{3 - a_{n}}[/tex]
3) [tex]a_{n} = n^{2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 1^{2} = 1[/tex]
------------------
[tex]a_{n} = n^{2}[/tex]
[tex]\sqrt{a_{n}} =\sqrt{ n^{2}}[/tex] (по определению числовой последовательности [tex]n \in \mathbb N[/tex])
[tex]n = \sqrt{a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = (n + 1)^{2} = n^{2} + 2n + 1 = a_{n} + 2\sqrt{a_{n}} + 1[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{1} = 1; a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 2\sqrt{a_{n}} + 1[/tex]
30.19
1) [tex]a_{n} = n[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = 1[/tex]
------------------
[tex]a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 1[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{n} = 1;a_{n + 1} = a_{n} + 1[/tex]
2) [tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{1}{n + 1}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \dfrac{1}{1 + 1} = \dfrac{1}{2} = 0,5[/tex]
-----------------------------------
[tex]a_{n} = \dfrac{1}{n + 1} \bigg| \cdot (n + 1)[/tex]
[tex]a_{n}(n + 1) = 1[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} + a_{n} = 1[/tex]
[tex]na_{n} = 1 - a_{n}|:a_{n}[/tex]
[tex]n = \dfrac{1 - a_{n}}{a_{n}}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = \dfrac{1}{n + 1 + 1} = \dfrac{1}{n + 2} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1 - a_{n}}{a_{n}} + 2} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1 - a_{n} + 2a_{n}}{a_{n}} } = \dfrac{a_{n}}{1 + a_{n}}[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{1} = 0,5; a_{n + 1} =\dfrac{a_{n}}{1 + a_{n}}[/tex]
3) [tex]a_{n} = \sqrt{n}[/tex]
[tex]a_{1} = \sqrt{1} = 1[/tex]
-------------------------
[tex]a_{n} = \sqrt{n}[/tex]
[tex](a_{n})^{2} = (\sqrt{n})^{2}[/tex]
[tex]n = a_{n}^{2}[/tex]
[tex]a_{n + 1} = \sqrt{n + 1} = \sqrt{a_{n}^{2} + 1}[/tex]
Последовательность задана рекуррентно:
[tex]a_{1} = 1;a_{n + 1} = \sqrt{a_{n}^{2} + 1}[/tex]